Foundation · Time ranges

Now time
can stretch.

から・まで

Until now, time was a point: 9:00, 10:30, 3:20. Today it becomes a distance. One small word marks where something begins. Another tells you how far it continues.

01 · Two small boundaries

From here. Until there.

から marks a starting point: from. まで marks an ending point: until or up to. Put time between them and you can describe a span of your day.

からKaraFrom / starting at
9時からです。Kuji kara desu.It starts from 9:00.
までMadeUntil / up to
5時までです。Goji made desu.It is until 5:00.
Think of two edges: から opens the time window; まで closes it. They are not glamorous words. They are, however, the sort of words that stop you arriving after something has closed.
02 · The beginning

から marks where time starts.

A shift begins. Breakfast service begins. A meeting begins. Attach から directly after the time.

午前9時からです。Gozen kuji kara desu.It starts from 9:00 AM.
仕事は午前9時からです。Shigoto wa gozen kuji kara desu.Work starts at 9:00 AM.
03 · The other edge

まで tells you how far it goes.

The end matters too. まで gives the boundary: until five, until six, until half past five.

午後6時までです。Gogo rokuji made desu.It is until 6:00 PM.
午後5時半までです。Gogo goji-han made desu.It is until 5:30 PM.
04 · Join the two

A point becomes a stretch of time.

Now place both boundaries around the schedule. The structure is wonderfully literal.

Start

9時 + から
9時からです。Kuji kara desu.From 9:00.

End

5時 + まで
5時までです。Goji made desu.Until 5:00.

Range

9時から5時まで
9時から5時までです。Kuji kara goji made desu.It is from 9:00 to 5:00.
With AM and PM: 午前9時から午後6時までです。 — From 9:00 AM until 6:00 PM.
午前9時から午後6時までです。Gozen kuji kara gogo rokuji made desu.It is from 9:00 AM until 6:00 PM.
05 · Ask about work

When does it start? When does it finish?

Add から or まで after 何時 and the question itself tells you which boundary you want.

仕事は何時からですか。Shigoto wa nanji kara desu ka.What time does work start?
仕事は午前9時からです。Shigoto wa gozen kuji kara desu.Work starts at 9:00 AM.
仕事は何時までですか。Shigoto wa nanji made desu ka.Until what time is work?
午後5時半までです。Gogo goji-han made desu.Until 5:30 PM.
06 · A meeting occupies time

10:30 is no longer just a point.

A meeting can begin at half past ten and continue until noon. Your previous lessons now connect into something much closer to an actual calendar.

会議は何時からですか。Kaigi wa nanji kara desu ka.What time does the meeting start?
午前10時半からです。Gozen jūji-han kara desu.It starts at 10:30 AM.
会議は何時までですか。Kaigi wa nanji made desu ka.Until what time is the meeting?
12時までです。Jūniji made desu.Until 12:00.
07 · Hotel morning

Breakfast also has boundaries.

This is where grammar quietly becomes useful travel Japanese. Knowing that breakfast exists is pleasant. Knowing when it stops existing is considerably more useful.

朝ご飯は何時からですか。Asagohan wa nanji kara desu ka.What time does breakfast start?
午前7時からです。Gozen shichiji kara desu.From 7:00 AM.
朝ご飯は何時までですか。Asagohan wa nanji made desu ka.Until what time is breakfast?
午前9時半までです。Gozen kuji-han made desu.Until 9:30 AM.
08 · Everyday opening hours

One question can rescue an entire afternoon.

For a shop, facility, counter or other place, this pattern asks for the whole operating window.

ここは何時から何時までですか。Koko wa nanji kara nanji made desu ka.From what time until what time is this place open?
午前10時から午後8時までです。Gozen jūji kara gogo hachiji made desu.From 10:00 AM until 8:00 PM.
09 · More ways to hear it

The pattern survives different voices and different days.

Listen for the boundaries rather than translating every syllable. Once から and まで become audible landmarks, schedules become much easier to catch.

仕事は何時からですか。Shigoto wa nanji kara desu ka.What time does work start?
仕事は午前9時からです。Shigoto wa gozen kuji kara desu.Work starts at 9:00 AM.
会議は何時からですか。Kaigi wa nanji kara desu ka.What time does the meeting start?
午前10時半からです。Gozen jūji-han kara desu.From 10:30 AM.
朝ご飯は何時からですか。Asagohan wa nanji kara desu ka.What time does breakfast start?
午前7時からです。Gozen shichiji kara desu.From 7:00 AM.
ここは何時から何時までですか。Koko wa nanji kara nanji made desu ka.From what time until what time is this place open?
午前10時から午後8時までです。Gozen jūji kara gogo hachiji made desu.From 10:00 AM until 8:00 PM.
10 · Real Japan Mission

Give part of your day a beginning and an end.

Choose something real: work, study, lunch, a meeting, exercise, a shop you use. Say when it starts and when it ends. The goal is not a perfect imaginary timetable. The goal is making Japanese attach itself to a day you actually recognise.

3時半から4時半までです。Sanji-han kara yoji-han made desu.It is from 3:30 until 4:30.
3時半から4時半までです。Sanji-han kara yoji-han made desu.It is from 3:30 until 4:30.
Your turn:
__時から__時までです。

Then make it more precise with 午前, 午後 or 半. A schedule is really just grammar with consequences.
A day between two times

Beginnings and endings quietly organise almost everything.

From morning until evening, from opening until closing, from arriving until it is finally time to go home — から and まで give Japanese a way to hold the space between two moments. Yesterday you could name a time. Today you can describe a piece of your life.